Cinematic Techniques, With the Prompt for Each Shot

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Name the shot and a video model frames it. 424 techniques, each one with the wording that gets it and the mistake that ruins it.

Shot types25

Extreme Long Shot: The subject is a speck and the landscape runs the frame.
Extreme Long ShotELS
The subject is a speck and the landscape runs the frame.
Long Shot: The full figure reads, and the setting reads around it.
Long ShotWS
The full figure reads, and the setting reads around it.
Wide Shot: The frame takes in the space around the subject.
Wide ShotWS
The frame takes in the space around the subject.
Full Body: The whole body sits in frame, head to feet, with room around it.
Full BodyWS
The whole body sits in frame, head to feet, with room around it.
Cowboy Shot: The frame cuts at mid-thigh, so a holster or the hands stay in view.
Cowboy Shot
The frame cuts at mid-thigh, so a holster or the hands stay in view.
Medium Shot: The frame runs from the waist up.
Medium ShotMS
The frame runs from the waist up.
Medium Close-Up: The frame runs from the chest to the top of the head.
Medium Close-UpMCU
The frame runs from the chest to the top of the head.
Close-Up: The head and a little shoulder fill the frame.
Close-UpCU
The head and a little shoulder fill the frame.
Choker Shot: The frame cuts above the eyebrows and below the chin, tighter than a close-up.
Choker ShotBCU
The frame cuts above the eyebrows and below the chin, tighter than a close-up.
Extreme Close-Up: A single feature fills the frame.
Extreme Close-UpECU
A single feature fills the frame.
Establishing Shot: A wide frame that says where the scene happens before anyone speaks.
Establishing Shot
A wide frame that says where the scene happens before anyone speaks.
Master Shot: One wide frame covers the entire scene from start to finish.
Master Shot
One wide frame covers the entire scene from start to finish.
Single: One person alone in the frame with nobody else in shot.
Single
One person alone in the frame with nobody else in shot.
Over-the-Shoulder Coverage: The camera looks past one person's shoulder at another.
Over-the-Shoulder CoverageOTS
The camera looks past one person's shoulder at another.
Two-Shot: Two people share one frame, and the gap between them is the content.
Two-Shot
Two people share one frame, and the gap between them is the content.
Three-Shot: Three people share the frame and the arrangement carries the relationship.
Three-Shot
Three people share the frame and the arrangement carries the relationship.
Group Shot: Four or more people share the frame as one unit.
Group Shot
Four or more people share the frame as one unit.
Insert Shot: A detail shot dropped in to hand the audience one piece of information.
Insert Shot
A detail shot dropped in to hand the audience one piece of information.
Cut-ins: A tight shot of a detail that belongs to the action you just saw.
Cut-ins
A tight shot of a detail that belongs to the action you just saw.
Cutaway: A shot of something outside the main action, used to break away from it.
Cutaway
A shot of something outside the main action, used to break away from it.
Reaction Shot: A face responding to something that happened off screen.
Reaction Shot
A face responding to something that happened off screen.
Gesture: The frame follows a hand or a body movement rather than a face.
Gesture
The frame follows a hand or a body movement rather than a face.
Interview: A seated subject speaks slightly off the lens to an unseen questioner.
Interview
A seated subject speaks slightly off the lens to an unseen questioner.
Product: An object is framed and lit to be looked at on its own.
Product
An object is framed and lit to be looked at on its own.
Video Portraits: A held portrait frame where the subject barely moves and looks at the lens.
Video Portraits
A held portrait frame where the subject barely moves and looks at the lens.

Camera angles19

Camera movement86

Dolly: The camera body travels on wheels, and the view shifts with real parallax.
Dolly
The camera body travels on wheels, and the view shifts with real parallax.
Push In: The camera advances and the frame closes on the subject.
Push In
The camera advances and the frame closes on the subject.
Dolly In: The camera advances toward the subject, and the world opens around it.
Dolly In
The camera advances toward the subject, and the world opens around it.
Super Dolly In: A very fast travel forward that covers a lot of ground.
Super Dolly In
A very fast travel forward that covers a lot of ground.
Eyes In: A steady push closes until the eyes fill the frame.
Eyes In
A steady push closes until the eyes fill the frame.
Pull Out: The camera retreats and the frame opens to the setting.
Pull Out
The camera retreats and the frame opens to the setting.
Dolly Out: The camera retreats from the subject, and the setting comes in around it.
Dolly Out
The camera retreats from the subject, and the setting comes in around it.
Super Dolly Out: A very fast travel backward that covers a lot of ground.
Super Dolly Out
A very fast travel backward that covers a lot of ground.
Through Object In: The camera passes through a solid thing and into the space beyond.
Through Object In
The camera passes through a solid thing and into the space beyond.
Through Object Out: The camera passes out through a solid thing and into the open.
Through Object Out
The camera passes out through a solid thing and into the open.
Pass Through: The camera flies through a gap and out the far side.
Pass Through
The camera flies through a gap and out the far side.
Mouth In: The camera pushes into an open mouth and through into darkness.
Mouth In
The camera pushes into an open mouth and through into darkness.
Eating Zoom: A fast push closes on food at the mouth.
Eating Zoom
A fast push closes on food at the mouth.
Earth Zoom: One unbroken push runs from orbit down to a detail on the ground.
Earth Zoom
One unbroken push runs from orbit down to a detail on the ground.
Tracking Shot: The camera travels with a moving subject and keeps pace.
Tracking Shot
The camera travels with a moving subject and keeps pace.
Follow Shot: The camera travels behind the subject and holds a constant distance.
Follow Shot
The camera travels behind the subject and holds a constant distance.
Walk and Talk: The camera retreats ahead of walking subjects who talk as they go.
Walk and Talk
The camera retreats ahead of walking subjects who talk as they go.
Double Dolly: Camera and subject travel together, so the subject is still and the world slides.
Double Dolly
Camera and subject travel together, so the subject is still and the world slides.
Locked-On: The camera holds the subject in the same spot in frame no matter what moves.
Locked-On
The camera holds the subject in the same spot in frame no matter what moves.
Head Tracking: The camera locks to the subject's head, so the head is still and the world moves.
Head Tracking
The camera locks to the subject's head, so the head is still and the world moves.
SnorriCam: The camera rigs to the actor's body, so the actor is fixed and the world swings.
SnorriCam
The camera rigs to the actor's body, so the actor is fixed and the world swings.
Choreo: The camera moves in step with the performers, as one more dancer.
Choreo
The camera moves in step with the performers, as one more dancer.
Dolly Left: The camera travels to the left and the background slides right.
Dolly Left
The camera travels to the left and the background slides right.
Dolly Right: The camera travels to the right and the background slides left.
Dolly Right
The camera travels to the right and the background slides left.
Trucking: The camera travels sideways on a straight line.
Trucking
The camera travels sideways on a straight line.
Slider Shot: A short smooth lateral move on a small track.
Slider Shot
A short smooth lateral move on a small track.
Conveyor: The camera slides along a line of subjects at a steady rate.
Conveyor
The camera slides along a line of subjects at a steady rate.
Car Chasing: The camera pursues a moving vehicle and holds it in frame.
Car Chasing
The camera pursues a moving vehicle and holds it in frame.
Car Grip: The camera clamps to the car body, so the car is still and the world moves.
Car Grip
The camera clamps to the car body, so the car is still and the world moves.
Buckle Up: The camera sits fixed in a vehicle and the world slams past.
Buckle Up
The camera sits fixed in a vehicle and the world slams past.
Road Rush: A low camera skims the road surface at speed.
Road Rush
A low camera skims the road surface at speed.
Pan: The camera turns on its own axis, and the view sweeps sideways.
Pan
The camera turns on its own axis, and the view sweeps sideways.
Pan Left: The camera turns to the left and the view sweeps that way.
Pan Left
The camera turns to the left and the view sweeps that way.
Pan Right: The camera turns to the right and the view sweeps that way.
Pan Right
The camera turns to the right and the view sweeps that way.
Whip Pan: The camera turns so fast that the frame smears sideways.
Whip Pan
The camera turns so fast that the frame smears sideways.
Tilt: The camera pivots up or down on its axis, and the view sweeps vertically.
Tilt
The camera pivots up or down on its axis, and the view sweeps vertically.
Tilt Up: The camera pivots upward and the view sweeps to the sky.
Tilt Up
The camera pivots upward and the view sweeps to the sky.
Tilt Down: The camera pivots downward and the view sweeps to the ground.
Tilt Down
The camera pivots downward and the view sweeps to the ground.
Whip Tilt: The camera pivots so fast that the frame smears vertically.
Whip Tilt
The camera pivots so fast that the frame smears vertically.
Camera Roll: The camera turns on the lens axis, and the horizon rotates.
Camera Roll
The camera turns on the lens axis, and the horizon rotates.
Dutch Roll: The camera tilts off level during the shot, so the horizon leans as you watch.
Dutch Roll
The camera tilts off level during the shot, so the horizon leans as you watch.
Arc: The camera curves around the subject on part of a circle.
Arc
The camera curves around the subject on part of a circle.
Arc Left: The camera curves around the subject toward the left.
Arc Left
The camera curves around the subject toward the left.
Arc Right: The camera curves around the subject toward the right.
Arc Right
The camera curves around the subject toward the right.
360-Degree Orbit: The camera circles the subject through a complete turn.
360-Degree Orbit
The camera circles the subject through a complete turn.
Lazy Susan: The subject turns on a turntable while the camera holds still.
Lazy Susan
The subject turns on a turntable while the camera holds still.
3D Rotation: The scene turns in depth, so near and far edges swing at different rates.
3D Rotation
The scene turns in depth, so near and far edges swing at different rates.
Parallax: Near things slide faster than far things, and the depth becomes obvious.
Parallax
Near things slide faster than far things, and the depth becomes obvious.
Crane Up: The camera climbs on a crane and opens the view.
Crane Up
The camera climbs on a crane and opens the view.
Crane Down: The camera descends on a crane through a tall move.
Crane Down
The camera descends on a crane through a tall move.
Crane Over: The camera lifts over an obstacle and reveals what sits behind it.
Crane Over
The camera lifts over an obstacle and reveals what sits behind it.
Crane Over The Head: The camera rises over the subject and looks back down.
Crane Over The Head
The camera rises over the subject and looks back down.
Jib Shot: The camera swings on an arm, and the height changes through the shot.
Jib Shot
The camera swings on an arm, and the height changes through the shot.
Jib Up: The arm lifts the camera, and the angle rises with it.
Jib Up
The arm lifts the camera, and the angle rises with it.
Jib Down: The arm lowers the camera, and the angle drops with it.
Jib Down
The arm lowers the camera, and the angle drops with it.
Pedestal Up: The camera body rises straight up, and the framing stays level.
Pedestal Up
The camera body rises straight up, and the framing stays level.
Pedestal Down: The camera body lowers straight down, and the framing stays level.
Pedestal Down
The camera body lowers straight down, and the framing stays level.
Hero Cam: A low camera rises to the subject and makes them look large.
Hero Cam
A low camera rises to the subject and makes them look large.
Falling: The camera drops with the subject, and the world rushes upward.
Falling
The camera drops with the subject, and the world rushes upward.
Zoom: The focal length changes, so the frame tightens or opens with no camera travel.
Zoom
The focal length changes, so the frame tightens or opens with no camera travel.
Slow Zoom In: The lens tightens so slowly that the pressure builds before you notice.
Slow Zoom In
The lens tightens so slowly that the pressure builds before you notice.
Slow Zoom Out: The lens widens so slowly that the setting arrives quietly.
Slow Zoom Out
The lens widens so slowly that the setting arrives quietly.
Rapid Zoom In: The lens tightens fast, but not as a single snap.
Rapid Zoom In
The lens tightens fast, but not as a single snap.
Rapid Zoom Out: The lens widens fast, but not as a single snap.
Rapid Zoom Out
The lens widens fast, but not as a single snap.
Crash Zoom In: The focal length snaps in, and the frame tightens without the camera moving.
Crash Zoom In
The focal length snaps in, and the frame tightens without the camera moving.
Crash Zoom Out: The focal length snaps out, and the frame opens in an instant.
Crash Zoom Out
The focal length snaps out, and the frame opens in an instant.
YoYo Zoom: The lens runs in and out repeatedly without stopping.
YoYo Zoom
The lens runs in and out repeatedly without stopping.
Dolly Zoom: The camera travels one way while the lens zooms the other, so the background warps.
Dolly Zoom
The camera travels one way while the lens zooms the other, so the background warps.
Dolly Zoom In: The camera moves in as the lens widens, so the background pulls away.
Dolly Zoom In
The camera moves in as the lens widens, so the background pulls away.
Dolly Zoom Out: The camera moves back as the lens tightens, so the background closes in.
Dolly Zoom Out
The camera moves back as the lens tightens, so the background closes in.
Aerial: A high wide view from the air, moving slowly over a landscape.
Aerial
A high wide view from the air, moving slowly over a landscape.
Aerial Push In: The camera descends and advances toward a subject on the ground.
Aerial Push In
The camera descends and advances toward a subject on the ground.
Aerial Pullback: The camera climbs and retreats, and the subject shrinks into its setting.
Aerial Pullback
The camera climbs and retreats, and the subject shrinks into its setting.
FPV Drone: A racing drone weaves fast and close through the space.
FPV Drone
A racing drone weaves fast and close through the space.
Flying Cam Transition: A flying camera carries the shot from one scene into the next.
Flying Cam Transition
A flying camera carries the shot from one scene into the next.
Handheld: An operator holds the camera, so the frame breathes and corrects.
Handheld
An operator holds the camera, so the frame breathes and corrects.
Steadicam: The camera floats smoothly while the operator walks with the subject.
Steadicam
The camera floats smoothly while the operator walks with the subject.
Gimbal Shot: The camera floats smoothly while the operator walks.
Gimbal Shot
The camera floats smoothly while the operator walks.
Static Locked-Off: The camera holds one frame and does not move.
Static Locked-Off
The camera holds one frame and does not move.
Fixed Cam: The camera does not move, and the subject works inside a locked frame.
Fixed Cam
The camera does not move, and the subject works inside a locked frame.
Wiggle: The frame jitters in small erratic steps.
Wiggle
The frame jitters in small erratic steps.
Wandering: The camera drifts with no fixed target, as if looking around.
Wandering
The camera drifts with no fixed target, as if looking around.
Bolt Cam: A robot arm throws the camera through a fast, exact path.
Bolt Cam
A robot arm throws the camera through a fast, exact path.
Robo Arm: A motion-control arm repeats an exact path with no error.
Robo Arm
A motion-control arm repeats an exact path with no error.
Hyperlapse: A time-lapse that travels, so the camera covers ground at speed.
Hyperlapse
A time-lapse that travels, so the camera covers ground at speed.
Omnidirectional: The camera sees in every direction at once.
Omnidirectional
The camera sees in every direction at once.

Composition32

Rule of Thirds: The subject sits on a third line rather than in the middle.
Rule of Thirds
The subject sits on a third line rather than in the middle.
Golden Ratio: The subject sits on a spiral proportion rather than on a simple grid.
Golden Ratio
The subject sits on a spiral proportion rather than on a simple grid.
Centered Composition: The subject sits dead centre and the frame is built around that.
Centered Composition
The subject sits dead centre and the frame is built around that.
Central Framing: Everything in the frame points the eye to the middle.
Central Framing
Everything in the frame points the eye to the middle.
Symmetry: Both halves of the frame mirror each other.
Symmetry
Both halves of the frame mirror each other.
Asymmetry: The weight sits off to one side and the frame stays unbalanced on purpose.
Asymmetry
The weight sits off to one side and the frame stays unbalanced on purpose.
Visual Weight: One part of the frame pulls the eye harder than the rest.
Visual Weight
One part of the frame pulls the eye harder than the rest.
Headroom: The space above the head is measured on purpose.
Headroom
The space above the head is measured on purpose.
Lead Room: There is space ahead of a moving subject for them to move into.
Lead Room
There is space ahead of a moving subject for them to move into.
Look Space: There is space ahead of the direction the subject looks.
Look Space
There is space ahead of the direction the subject looks.
Short Siding: The subject is crowded against the edge they face, so the frame feels tight.
Short Siding
The subject is crowded against the edge they face, so the frame feels tight.
Leading Lines: Lines in the scene run the eye to the subject.
Leading Lines
Lines in the scene run the eye to the subject.
Diagonal Composition: The strong lines run at an angle, so the frame feels in motion.
Diagonal Composition
The strong lines run at an angle, so the frame feels in motion.
One-Point Perspective: Every line runs to a single point in the middle of the frame.
One-Point Perspective
Every line runs to a single point in the middle of the frame.
Vanishing Point: Parallel lines converge on one distant point.
Vanishing Point
Parallel lines converge on one distant point.
Repetition and Pattern: One element repeats across the frame until it becomes the structure.
Repetition and Pattern
One element repeats across the frame until it becomes the structure.
Architexture: Built form fills the frame and reads as pattern rather than as a place.
Architexture
Built form fills the frame and reads as pattern rather than as a place.
Layered Depth: Near, middle and far planes all carry something.
Layered Depth
Near, middle and far planes all carry something.
Foreground Interest: Something in the near field gives the frame depth.
Foreground Interest
Something in the near field gives the frame depth.
Figure-Ground: The subject separates cleanly from what sits behind it.
Figure-Ground
The subject separates cleanly from what sits behind it.
Clean Frame: Nothing intrudes between the camera and the subject.
Clean Frame
Nothing intrudes between the camera and the subject.
Dirty Frame: Something near the lens intrudes into the edge of the shot.
Dirty Frame
Something near the lens intrudes into the edge of the shot.
Frame within Frame: Something in the scene forms a second frame around the subject.
Frame within Frame
Something in the scene forms a second frame around the subject.
Windows: A window frames the subject and separates inside from out.
Windows
A window frames the subject and separates inside from out.
Negative Space: Emptiness takes most of the frame and the subject holds a corner of it.
Negative Space
Emptiness takes most of the frame and the subject holds a corner of it.
Void: A large emptiness sits in the frame and means something.
Void
A large emptiness sits in the frame and means something.
Tonal Contrast: Two opposing things share the frame and define each other.
Tonal Contrast
Two opposing things share the frame and define each other.
Triangular Composition: Three points in the frame make a triangle that holds it together.
Triangular Composition
Three points in the frame make a triangle that holds it together.
Reflections: A reflective surface gives a second version of the subject.
Reflections
A reflective surface gives a second version of the subject.
Screen in Screen: A display inside the shot carries its own image.
Screen in Screen
A display inside the shot carries its own image.
Voyeur: The framing suggests you are watching without permission.
Voyeur
The framing suggests you are watching without permission.
Tableau: Everything is arranged and held still, like a painting that happens to move.
Tableau
Everything is arranged and held still, like a painting that happens to move.

Lighting41

Key Light: One main light does most of the work and sets the shape.
Key Light
One main light does most of the work and sets the shape.
Fill Light: A soft second light lifts the shadow side without killing it.
Fill Light
A soft second light lifts the shadow side without killing it.
Backlight: The light sits behind the subject and draws an edge around them.
Backlight
The light sits behind the subject and draws an edge around them.
Three-Point Lighting: A key, a fill and a back light shape the subject in the standard way.
Three-Point Lighting
A key, a fill and a back light shape the subject in the standard way.
Rim Light: Light from directly behind draws a thin bright outline.
Rim Light
Light from directly behind draws a thin bright outline.
Kicker: A light from behind and to the side draws an edge on the far cheek.
Kicker
A light from behind and to the side draws an edge on the far cheek.
Hair Light: A light from above and behind separates the hair from the background.
Hair Light
A light from above and behind separates the hair from the background.
Eye Light: A small source puts a catchlight in the eyes.
Eye Light
A small source puts a catchlight in the eyes.
Bounce Light: Light is thrown at a surface and reaches the subject soft and indirect.
Bounce Light
Light is thrown at a surface and reaches the subject soft and indirect.
Rembrandt Lighting: A small triangle of light sits on the cheek away from the key.
Rembrandt Lighting
A small triangle of light sits on the cheek away from the key.
Butterfly Lighting: The light sits high and in front, leaving a small shadow under the nose.
Butterfly Lighting
The light sits high and in front, leaving a small shadow under the nose.
Loop Lighting: The key sits slightly off axis and makes a small loop of shadow beside the nose.
Loop Lighting
The key sits slightly off axis and makes a small loop of shadow beside the nose.
Split Lighting: One half of the face is lit and the other is fully dark.
Split Lighting
One half of the face is lit and the other is fully dark.
Broad Lighting: The key falls on the side of the face turned toward the camera.
Broad Lighting
The key falls on the side of the face turned toward the camera.
Short Lighting: The key falls on the side of the face turned away from the camera.
Short Lighting
The key falls on the side of the face turned away from the camera.
Side Lighting: The light comes from directly beside, so half the face is lit.
Side Lighting
The light comes from directly beside, so half the face is lit.
Top Light: The light comes from straight above and the eyes fall into shadow.
Top Light
The light comes from straight above and the eyes fall into shadow.
Underlighting: The light comes from below and the shadows fall upward.
Underlighting
The light comes from below and the shadows fall upward.
Glam: Soft even light flatters the face and hides texture.
Glam
Soft even light flatters the face and hides texture.
Epiphany: Light arrives on the face at the moment something is understood.
Epiphany
Light arrives on the face at the moment something is understood.
High-Key Lighting: The whole frame is bright and the shadows are nearly gone.
High-Key Lighting
The whole frame is bright and the shadows are nearly gone.
Low-Key Lighting: Most of the frame is dark and only a little is lit.
Low-Key Lighting
Most of the frame is dark and only a little is lit.
Chiaroscuro: Strong light meets deep dark with very little in between.
Chiaroscuro
Strong light meets deep dark with very little in between.
Cameo Lighting: A lit subject stands out against a background that is fully dark.
Cameo Lighting
A lit subject stands out against a background that is fully dark.
Silhouette: The subject reads as a black shape against a bright background.
Silhouette
The subject reads as a black shape against a bright background.
Spotlight: A tight beam lights one small area and the rest falls away.
Spotlight
A tight beam lights one small area and the rest falls away.
Hard Light: A small source cuts sharp shadow edges.
Hard Light
A small source cuts sharp shadow edges.
Soft Light: A large source wraps around the subject and the shadow edges go gentle.
Soft Light
A large source wraps around the subject and the shadow edges go gentle.
Cross Lighting: Two sources hit from opposite sides and leave a dark line down the middle.
Cross Lighting
Two sources hit from opposite sides and leave a dark line down the middle.
Motivated Lighting: Every light appears to come from something visible in the scene.
Motivated Lighting
Every light appears to come from something visible in the scene.
Practical Lighting: Lamps that appear in the shot do the lighting.
Practical Lighting
Lamps that appear in the shot do the lighting.
Available Light: Only the light already in the place is used.
Available Light
Only the light already in the place is used.
Naturalistic Ambient: A soft general light fills the space with no obvious source.
Naturalistic Ambient
A soft general light fills the space with no obvious source.
Window Light: A window is the source, so the light is soft, directional and falls off fast.
Window Light
A window is the source, so the light is soft, directional and falls off fast.
Candlelight: Small warm flames light the scene from close range and flicker.
Candlelight
Small warm flames light the scene from close range and flicker.
Neon Practicals: Neon signs in the scene light the subject in saturated colour.
Neon Practicals
Neon signs in the scene light the subject in saturated colour.
Gobo Lighting: A cut pattern in front of the light throws a shape onto the scene.
Gobo Lighting
A cut pattern in front of the light throws a shape onto the scene.
Dappled Light: Light passes through something broken and lands in patches.
Dappled Light
Light passes through something broken and lands in patches.
Volumetric Light: Light beams become visible as solid shafts in the air.
Volumetric Light
Light beams become visible as solid shafts in the air.
Golden Hour: Low sun near sunrise or sunset lights everything warm and sideways.
Golden Hour
Low sun near sunrise or sunset lights everything warm and sideways.
Blue Hour: The short window after sunset when the sky is deep blue and still bright.
Blue Hour
The short window after sunset when the sky is deep blue and still bright.

Lenses and optics17

Colour and film look19

Time and motion21

Cuts and transitions23

Jump Cut: A cut inside the same shot skips time and leaves a visible jolt.
Jump Cut
A cut inside the same shot skips time and leaves a visible jolt.
Axial Cut: The cut jumps straight along the lens axis to a closer or wider version of the same frame.
Axial Cut
The cut jumps straight along the lens axis to a closer or wider version of the same frame.
Smash Cut: A hard cut lands between two shots that contradict each other.
Smash Cut
A hard cut lands between two shots that contradict each other.
Crash Cut: An abrupt cut lands with no easing on either side.
Crash Cut
An abrupt cut lands with no easing on either side.
Flash Cut: A frame or two appears so briefly it registers below conscious reading.
Flash Cut
A frame or two appears so briefly it registers below conscious reading.
Quick Cuts: Shots arrive fast, one after another, with no room to settle.
Quick Cuts
Shots arrive fast, one after another, with no room to settle.
Match on Action: A movement starts in one shot and finishes in the next.
Match on Action
A movement starts in one shot and finishes in the next.
Match Cut: Two shots are linked by a similarity that carries across the cut.
Match Cut
Two shots are linked by a similarity that carries across the cut.
Graphic Match: Two shots share a shape, so the cut between them feels inevitable.
Graphic Match
Two shots share a shape, so the cut between them feels inevitable.
Match Motion: A movement in one shot continues into a different movement in the next.
Match Motion
A movement in one shot continues into a different movement in the next.
Match Split: Two halves from different shots meet on a seam and read as one frame.
Match Split
Two halves from different shots meet on a seam and read as one frame.
Invisible Cut: A cut is hidden inside a wipe, a whip or darkness, so the shot seems unbroken.
Invisible Cut
A cut is hidden inside a wipe, a whip or darkness, so the shot seems unbroken.
Dissolve: One image fades into the next, and both are visible in the middle.
Dissolve
One image fades into the next, and both are visible in the middle.
Fade In / Fade Out: The image resolves out of or into a solid colour.
Fade In / Fade Out
The image resolves out of or into a solid colour.
Wipe: A hard edge travels across the frame and replaces one image with the next.
Wipe
A hard edge travels across the frame and replaces one image with the next.
Iris: A circle closes in on or opens out from one part of the frame.
Iris
A circle closes in on or opens out from one part of the frame.
Transitions: A shaped move carries the film from one shot into the next.
Transitions
A shaped move carries the film from one shot into the next.
Set Transition: The camera moves and the set changes around it without a cut.
Set Transition
The camera moves and the set changes around it without a cut.
Cross-Cutting: The film alternates between two places happening at the same time.
Cross-Cutting
The film alternates between two places happening at the same time.
Montage: A run of short shots compresses a long stretch of time.
Montage
A run of short shots compresses a long stretch of time.
Fragments: Short broken pieces of a scene arrive out of order.
Fragments
Short broken pieces of a scene arrive out of order.
Split Screen: The frame divides, and two images play at once.
Split Screen
The frame divides, and two images play at once.
J-Cut and L-Cut: The picture changes before or after the sound does, so the two overlap.
J-Cut and L-Cut
The picture changes before or after the sound does, so the two overlap.

In-camera and optical effects57

Deep Focus: Near and far are both sharp at the same time.
Deep Focus
Near and far are both sharp at the same time.
Shallow Focus: Only a thin slice of the scene is sharp.
Shallow Focus
Only a thin slice of the scene is sharp.
Rack Focus: Focus pulls decisively from one subject to another.
Rack Focus
Focus pulls decisively from one subject to another.
Focal Shift: The focus moves from one plane to another inside the shot.
Focal Shift
The focus moves from one plane to another inside the shot.
Focus Change: Focus moves to redirect attention mid-shot.
Focus Change
Focus moves to redirect attention mid-shot.
Bokeh: Out-of-focus points of light become soft round shapes.
Bokeh
Out-of-focus points of light become soft round shapes.
Lens Flare: A bright light hits the glass and throws artefacts across the frame.
Lens Flare
A bright light hits the glass and throws artefacts across the frame.
Anamorphic Flare: A bright source throws a long horizontal streak across the frame.
Anamorphic Flare
A bright source throws a long horizontal streak across the frame.
Halation: Bright areas bleed a soft glow into what surrounds them.
Halation
Bright areas bleed a soft glow into what surrounds them.
Light Leak: Light gets into the camera body and streaks across the film.
Light Leak
Light gets into the camera body and streaks across the film.
Light Flash: A sudden burst of light overwhelms the frame.
Light Flash
A sudden burst of light overwhelms the frame.
Chromatic Aberration: Colour channels separate toward the edges of the frame.
Chromatic Aberration
Colour channels separate toward the edges of the frame.
Vignette: The frame darkens toward its corners.
Vignette
The frame darkens toward its corners.
Film Grain: The image carries the moving texture of film stock.
Film Grain
The image carries the moving texture of film stock.
Infrared: The image records light the eye cannot see, so foliage goes white.
Infrared
The image records light the eye cannot see, so foliage goes white.
Thermal: A heat camera maps temperature to colour.
Thermal
A heat camera maps temperature to colour.
Night Vision: A low-light sensor renders everything green and grainy.
Night Vision
A low-light sensor renders everything green and grainy.
X-Ray: The image sees through the surface to the structure beneath.
X-Ray
The image sees through the surface to the structure beneath.
Slit-Scan: Time is smeared into space, so movement becomes streaks of light.
Slit-Scan
Time is smeared into space, so movement becomes streaks of light.
Photogrammetry: The scene looks scanned and rebuilt, with holes where data was missing.
Photogrammetry
The scene looks scanned and rebuilt, with holes where data was missing.
Wigglegram: Two slightly offset views alternate, so the image appears to have depth.
Wigglegram
Two slightly offset views alternate, so the image appears to have depth.
Double Exposure: Two images occupy the same frame and show through each other.
Double Exposure
Two images occupy the same frame and show through each other.
Duplication: The same person appears more than once in one frame.
Duplication
The same person appears more than once in one frame.
Selfie Twin: A phone screen shows a second version of the person holding it.
Selfie Twin
A phone screen shows a second version of the person holding it.
Feedback: A screen shows the scene it sits in, repeating into itself.
Feedback
A screen shows the scene it sits in, repeating into itself.
Kaleidoscope: The frame mirrors and repeats into a symmetrical pattern.
Kaleidoscope
The frame mirrors and repeats into a symmetrical pattern.
Echo Print: Moving figures leave repeated trailing copies behind them.
Echo Print
Moving figures leave repeated trailing copies behind them.
Mixed Media: Photographic footage sits alongside drawn, printed or physical material.
Mixed Media
Photographic footage sits alongside drawn, printed or physical material.
Collage: Cut paper, photographs and scraps are layered over the image.
Collage
Cut paper, photographs and scraps are layered over the image.
Projections: A projected image lands on a real surface and wraps its shape.
Projections
A projected image lands on a real surface and wraps its shape.
Masking: A shaped matte blocks most of the frame and leaves an opening.
Masking
A shaped matte blocks most of the frame and leaves an opening.
Shadow Box: A figure is framed inside a lit opening against darkness.
Shadow Box
A figure is framed inside a lit opening against darkness.
Morphing: One form flows into a completely different form.
Morphing
One form flows into a completely different form.
Morph: One face or form becomes another with no cut.
Morph
One face or form becomes another with no cut.
Transformation: A subject changes into another material or state.
Transformation
A subject changes into another material or state.
Generative: The subject forms out of particles or procedural structure.
Generative
The subject forms out of particles or procedural structure.
Anthropo: An inanimate object behaves as if it were alive.
Anthropo
An inanimate object behaves as if it were alive.
Cinemagraph: The frame is a still except for one element that keeps moving.
Cinemagraph
The frame is a still except for one element that keeps moving.
Datamosh: Compression breaks down and the frames smear into each other.
Datamosh
Compression breaks down and the frames smear into each other.
Sticker Peel: The image lifts at a corner like a sticker, showing another beneath.
Sticker Peel
The image lifts at a corner like a sticker, showing another beneath.
Zoetrope: Repeated figures in sequence make a single movement when they pass.
Zoetrope
Repeated figures in sequence make a single movement when they pass.
Levitation: A figure hangs in the air with nothing holding them.
Levitation
A figure hangs in the air with nothing holding them.
Floating Fall: A body drifts and turns in dark space with no ground.
Floating Fall
A body drifts and turns in dark space with no ground.
Particles: Small glowing points drift through the air around the subject.
Particles
Small glowing points drift through the air around the subject.
Bubbles: Soap bubbles drift through the frame and catch the light.
Bubbles
Soap bubbles drift through the frame and catch the light.
Floating UI: Interface panels hang in the air around the subject.
Floating UI
Interface panels hang in the air around the subject.
Typography: Words exist as objects inside the scene.
Typography
Words exist as objects inside the scene.
Distortions: The geometry of the space bends away from what a lens would do.
Distortions
The geometry of the space bends away from what a lens would do.
Forced Perspective: Distance is used to make one thing look far larger or smaller than it is.
Forced Perspective
Distance is used to make one thing look far larger or smaller than it is.
Scale Shift: The subject's size relative to the space changes.
Scale Shift
The subject's size relative to the space changes.
Diorama: The scene reads as a handmade miniature.
Diorama
The scene reads as a handmade miniature.
Ratio Switch: The aspect ratio changes during the film.
Ratio Switch
The aspect ratio changes during the film.
Object Portal: An ordinary object contains a view into somewhere else.
Object Portal
An ordinary object contains a view into somewhere else.
Altered State: The image bends to show that perception itself is off.
Altered State
The image bends to show that perception itself is off.
Smash and Grab: A sudden violent intrusion arrives in an otherwise calm frame.
Smash and Grab
A sudden violent intrusion arrives in an otherwise calm frame.
Argus: Many eyes cover the subject or the frame around it.
Argus
Many eyes cover the subject or the frame around it.
Cyclope: A single enormous eye dominates, often with a scene inside it.
Cyclope
A single enormous eye dominates, often with a scene inside it.

Atmosphere and weather13

Genre looks27

Film Noir: Hard shadow, venetian blinds, and a world lit at night.
Film Noir
Hard shadow, venetian blinds, and a world lit at night.
Neo-Noir: Noir structure in colour, with neon standing in for the old hard key.
Neo-Noir
Noir structure in colour, with neon standing in for the old hard key.
Tech Noir: Noir shadows in a near future lit by screens and machines.
Tech Noir
Noir shadows in a near future lit by screens and machines.
German Expressionism: Sets and shadows are built at impossible angles to show a state of mind.
German Expressionism
Sets and shadows are built at impossible angles to show a state of mind.
Giallo: Saturated primary light, high style and a threat you only glimpse.
Giallo
Saturated primary light, high style and a threat you only glimpse.
Southern Gothic: Heat, decay and old secrets in a humid rural setting.
Southern Gothic
Heat, decay and old secrets in a humid rural setting.
Cosmic Horror: Scale and darkness suggest something too large to see whole.
Cosmic Horror
Scale and darkness suggest something too large to see whole.
Documentary: The camera records rather than composes, with real light and real spaces.
Documentary
The camera records rather than composes, with real light and real spaces.
Cinéma Vérité: The camera observes and never arranges what it sees.
Cinéma Vérité
The camera observes and never arranges what it sees.
Found Footage: The footage looks recovered rather than shot.
Found Footage
The footage looks recovered rather than shot.
BTS: The shot shows the making of the thing rather than the thing.
BTS
The shot shows the making of the thing rather than the thing.
French New Wave: Loose shooting, natural light and jump cuts that refuse to hide.
French New Wave
Loose shooting, natural light and jump cuts that refuse to hide.
Stylistic Suck: The shot is deliberately made badly, and the badness is the style.
Stylistic Suck
The shot is deliberately made badly, and the badness is the style.
Blockbuster Gloss: Everything is lit, graded and finished to a high commercial polish.
Blockbuster Gloss
Everything is lit, graded and finished to a high commercial polish.
Spaghetti Western: Extreme close-ups, wide empty land and sun with nowhere to hide.
Spaghetti Western
Extreme close-ups, wide empty land and sun with nowhere to hide.
Wuxia: Martial movement rendered weightless, in wide painterly landscape.
Wuxia
Martial movement rendered weightless, in wide painterly landscape.
Dystopian: A worn future where the systems still run but nothing is cared for.
Dystopian
A worn future where the systems still run but nothing is cared for.
Magical Realism: One impossible thing sits inside an ordinary world and nobody remarks on it.
Magical Realism
One impossible thing sits inside an ordinary world and nobody remarks on it.
Arthouse: Long held frames, restrained colour, and meaning left for the viewer to find.
Arthouse
Long held frames, restrained colour, and meaning left for the viewer to find.
Animation: The frame is drawn rather than photographed.
Animation
The frame is drawn rather than photographed.
Pixel Art: The image is built from a coarse grid of visible pixels.
Pixel Art
The image is built from a coarse grid of visible pixels.
Video Game: The frame renders like a game engine rather than a camera.
Video Game
The frame renders like a game engine rather than a camera.
Photography: The frame is composed and held like a still photograph.
Photography
The frame is composed and held like a still photograph.
Dreamcore: Familiar spaces feel wrong and empty, like a half-remembered dream.
Dreamcore
Familiar spaces feel wrong and empty, like a half-remembered dream.
Weirdcore: Low quality images of ordinary places made to feel wrong on purpose.
Weirdcore
Low quality images of ordinary places made to feel wrong on purpose.
Vaporwave: Eighties consumer imagery in pink and cyan, arranged as nostalgia.
Vaporwave
Eighties consumer imagery in pink and cyan, arranged as nostalgia.
Maximalism: Every part of the frame is filled with colour, pattern and object.
Maximalism
Every part of the frame is filled with colour, pattern and object.

Viral looks44

Agamemnon: An ordinary interior painted with warm realist brushwork.
Agamemnon
An ordinary interior painted with warm realist brushwork.
Akrill: Thick bright brush strokes rebuild the scene in high-chroma paint.
Akrill
Thick bright brush strokes rebuild the scene in high-chroma paint.
Canvas: The whole frame carries the weave and brushwork of a painting.
Canvas
The whole frame carries the weave and brushwork of a painting.
Hand Paint: A brush paints over the scene while you watch.
Hand Paint
A brush paints over the scene while you watch.
Monet Muse: Impressionist dappled brushwork breaks the light into colour patches.
Monet Muse
Impressionist dappled brushwork breaks the light into colour patches.
Pearl Earring: Old-master portrait lighting: dark ground, one soft window source, a single highlight.
Pearl Earring
Old-master portrait lighting: dark ground, one soft window source, a single highlight.
Sketch: A pencil drawing sits half-finished over the photograph.
Sketch
A pencil drawing sits half-finished over the photograph.
Comic: The frame becomes inked panels with halftone and heavy outlines.
Comic
The frame becomes inked panels with halftone and heavy outlines.
Flash Comic: Comic panel drawing collides with press flashes and motion.
Flash Comic
Comic panel drawing collides with press flashes and motion.
Knight's Diary: The scene sits inside an aged illuminated manuscript page.
Knight's Diary
The scene sits inside an aged illuminated manuscript page.
Paper: Torn paper layers frame and interrupt the image.
Paper
Torn paper layers frame and interrupt the image.
Origami: The world is built from folded paper with visible creases.
Origami
The world is built from folded paper with visible creases.
Marble: The subject is carved white stone with polished surfaces.
Marble
The subject is carved white stone with polished surfaces.
Lava: A figure is made of cracked dark rock with molten light inside.
Lava
A figure is made of cracked dark rock with molten light inside.
Action Figure: A person is rendered as a poseable collectible figure.
Action Figure
A person is rendered as a poseable collectible figure.
3D Render: The scene reads as a computer render rather than a photograph.
3D Render
The scene reads as a computer render rather than a photograph.
Acid: Saturated rainbow fringing crawls around every edge.
Acid
Saturated rainbow fringing crawls around every edge.
Two Color: The frame is reduced to two colours and nothing else.
Two Color
The frame is reduced to two colours and nothing else.
Ultraviolet: UV light makes whites and pigments glow against near black.
Ultraviolet
UV light makes whites and pigments glow against near black.
Toxic: Sickly green vapour swallows the figure.
Toxic
Sickly green vapour swallows the figure.
Cold Vision: A warm face burns against a frozen desaturated world.
Cold Vision
A warm face burns against a frozen desaturated world.
Random Glow: Scattered warm bulbs float through the frame as glowing points.
Random Glow
Scattered warm bulbs float through the frame as glowing points.
Noir: Black and white, hard shadow, wet streets and blind slats.
Noir
Black and white, hard shadow, wet streets and blind slats.
Superstar: A wall of press flashes fires at a poised subject.
Superstar
A wall of press flashes fires at a poised subject.
Magazine: Glossy editorial styling, saturated light and a held pose.
Magazine
Glossy editorial styling, saturated light and a held pose.
2000s Paparazzi: Hard on-camera flash at night, caught rather than composed.
2000s Paparazzi
Hard on-camera flash at night, caught rather than composed.
Modern: Minimal contemporary interior, restrained and expensive.
Modern
Minimal contemporary interior, restrained and expensive.
Pigeons: Birds burst past the face, filling the frame with wings.
Pigeons
Birds burst past the face, filling the frame with wings.
Dolphin Ride: A person rides a large sea animal across open water.
Dolphin Ride
A person rides a large sea animal across open water.
Penguin Ride: A person rides a large polar bird across ice.
Penguin Ride
A person rides a large polar bird across ice.
Puffin Ride: A person rides a large seabird over coastal cliffs.
Puffin Ride
A person rides a large seabird over coastal cliffs.
Skatedog: A dog runs alongside a skater, shot low and fast on the street.
Skatedog
A dog runs alongside a skater, shot low and fast on the street.
Casual Monster Slayer: An ordinary person walks calmly while something enormous looms behind.
Casual Monster Slayer
An ordinary person walks calmly while something enormous looms behind.
Mighty Fighter: An armoured figure holds a heroic stance in a lit arena.
Mighty Fighter
An armoured figure holds a heroic stance in a lit arena.
Fallen Angel: A winged figure stands above a city at night.
Fallen Angel
A winged figure stands above a city at night.
Orbital Presence: A figure floats in space with the planet curving below.
Orbital Presence
A figure floats in space with the planet curving below.
Race Track: A figure overlooks a racing circuit at speed.
Race Track
A figure overlooks a racing circuit at speed.
LSD: The room warps and trails as perception comes apart.
LSD
The room warps and trails as perception comes apart.
Multiverse: The same space repeats away into endless copies.
Multiverse
The same space repeats away into endless copies.
Broken Mirror: Shattered glass multiplies the subject into misaligned fragments.
Broken Mirror
Shattered glass multiplies the subject into misaligned fragments.
Blue Depth: The subject sits submerged in deep blue water with light above.
Blue Depth
The subject sits submerged in deep blue water with light above.
Lost in a Book: An enormous open book becomes the world the subject enters.
Lost in a Book
An enormous open book becomes the world the subject enters.
Fairytale Castle: A storybook castle town under snow, lit like an illustration.
Fairytale Castle
A storybook castle town under snow, lit like an illustration.
Ink Riot: Ink and smoke burst around the subject in calligraphic strokes.
Ink Riot
Ink and smoke burst around the subject in calligraphic strokes.

Three rules under all of them

Name it, then describe it
A model answers to the name of a shot. It answers better when the next clause says what the frame holds.
Say what to leave out
Shots blend into their neighbours. Naming the neighbour you do not want is what separates a choker from a close-up.
One shot per run
Two shots in one prompt gets you a cut in the middle, or a compromise between them. Run them separately and join them after.

Try one

Every model prints its dollar price before you sign in. You pay for the run, not for the month.

Open a video model